The Office of the United States Trade Representative

U.S. Announces Intent to Negotiate FTAs with UAE and Oman

11/15/2004

WASHINGTON, DC – U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick today announced the Administration’s intent to negotiate Free Trade Agreements with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman, important steps on the path to fulfilling the President’s vision of developing economic growth and democracy in the Middle East.

Zoellick sent a letter today to Congressional leaders to notify of this intent to negotiate, in accordance with the procedures Congress established under the bipartisan Trade Act of 2002.

Transmittal of the letter to the Hill followed shortly after Ambassador Zoellick’s visit to the UAE and Oman and after House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Bill Thomas led a Congressional delegation to Oman and other countries in the Middle East.

"A free trade agreement with the UAE and Oman will promote the President’s initiative to advance economic reforms and openness in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, moving us closer to the creation of a Middle East Free Trade Area," wrote Zoellick. "An FTA with the UAE and Oman will build on the FTAs that we already have with Israel, Jordan, and Morocco, as well as the FTA that we recently have signed with Bahrain. It will also encourage the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council to adopt standards that promote trade and investment. Furthermore, our free trade agreements in the Middle East complement The 9/11 Commission Report recommendation urging the United States to expand trade with the Middle East as a way to ‘encourage development, more open societies and opportunities for people to improve the lives of their families.’"

"These FTAs will directly benefit the United States," continued Zoellick. "By reducing and eliminating barriers to trade, a comprehensive FTA with the UAE and Oman will generate export opportunities for U.S. companies, farmers, and ranchers, help create jobs in the United States, and help American consumers save money while offering them more choices."

The United States trade relationship with the UAE is the third largest in the Middle East, behind only Israel and Saudi Arabia. The U.S. has a combined trading relationship of $5.6 billion and a trade surplus of over $2 billion with these two countries. Major exports to these two countries include machinery, aircraft, vehicles and electrical machinery. Major imports include mineral fuel and woven apparel.

Background

The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative will work closely with the Congress over the next 90 days, as required by the Trade Act, and expects negotiations to commence in the beginning of 2005.

Middle East Free Trade Initiative (MEFTA)

In May 2003, the President proposed a plan of graduated steps for Middle Eastern nations to increase trade and investment with the United States and others in the world economy. The first step is to work closely with peaceful nations that want to become members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in order to expedite their accession. As these countries implement domestic reform agendas, institute the rule of law, protect property rights (including intellectual property), and create a foundation for openness and economic growth, the United States will take a series of graduated steps with countries in the region tailored to their level of development.

The U.S. will expand and deepen economic ties through comprehensive FTAs, Trade and Investment Framework Agreements (TIFAs), and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and will also enhance the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program for eligible countries. This Administration has concluded two FTAs, Morocco and Bahrain; ratified a third, with Jordan; and signed eight TIFAs with Middle East nations.

United States Trade Agreements

U.S. FTAs: These are reciprocal and ambitious agreements that open markets and strip away barriers across a broad array of goods, services, and agricultural products.

TIFAs: The United States has TIFAs with a number of countries to enhance bilateral trade and coordinate regionally and multilaterally through regular senior-level discussions on trade and economic issues. The TIFAs create Joint Councils that consider a wide range of commercial issues and sets out basic principles underlying the nations' trade and investment relationship.

BITs: These agreements level the playing field and ensure that U.S. investors are protected when they establish businesses in other countries. By safeguarding foreign subsidiaries of U.S. firms, BITs help promote new U.S. exports to the markets of BIT partners. BITs also protect the interests of average American investors, whose stock and bond portfolios often include stakes in foreign-invested firms.

U.S. Trade Agenda

The United States is working to open markets globally in the Doha WTO negotiations; regionally through the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Free Trade Area (FTAA) of the Americas negotiations; and bilaterally, with FTAs. The Bush Administration has completed FTAs with 12 countries -- Jordan, Chile, Singapore, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Australia, Morocco, and Bahrain. With this announcement, negotiations are under way or about to begin with 12 more countries: Panama, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Thailand, the five nations of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and now the UAE and Oman. New and pending FTA partners, taken together, would constitute America’s third largest export market and the sixth largest economy in the world.

U.S. – Middle East Free Trade Efforts

The 9/11 Commission Report

The U.S. government has announced the goal of working toward a Middle East Free Trade Area, or MEFTA, by 2013. The United States has been seeking comprehensive free trade agreements (FTAs) with the Middle Eastern nations most firmly on the path to reform. The U.S.-Israeli FTA was enacted in 1985, and Congress implemented an FTA with Jordan in 2001. Both agreements have expanded trade and investment, thereby supporting domestic economic reform. In 2004, new FTAs were signed with Morocco and Bahrain, and are awaiting congressional approval. These models are drawing the interest of their neighbors. Muslim countries can become full participants in the rules-based global trading system, as the United States considers lowering the trade barriers with the poorest Arab nations.

Recommendation: A comprehensive U.S. strategy to counter terrorism should include economic policies that encourage development, more open societies, and opportunities for people to improve the lives of their families and to enhance prospects for their children’s future.

The 9/11 Commission Report - Pages 378-379

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China logistics industry lags: experts

LOGISTICS experts in China have said that the logistics industry in China is lagging behind in terms of scale, system, infrastructure and services compared with the modern logistics industry in other countries.

President of the International Forwarders Association of China, Luo Kaifu, said recently that the general scale of the logistics industry in China was still comparatively small, despite it accounting for 21 percent of China's GDP.

And despite a 30 percent increase in third-party logistics services in recent years, it remains in its infancy when compared tothe US and Europe, both in terms of development and value-added services.

Mr Luo went on to say that the logistics development in China was far from perfect and that current development in China was hampered by a government protectionism, which is leading to monopolistic tendencies in the industry.

President of the Communication and Transportation Association of China, Qian Yongchang, said that although the logistics infrastructure construction in China was improving it was far from able to adequately meet industry demands.

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American Shipper Shippers' NewsWire   11/17/04

Official says WTO will not ‘cave in’ to domestic textile groups

   Chiedu Osawke, director of the textile division of the World Trade Organization (WTO), told an association of apparel importers in New York that the WTO will not be swayed from “the letter and intent” of the decade-old Agreement on Textiles by increasingly strident demands from domestic textile manufacturers, principally in the United States and Europe, for some form of continued protection for textile and apparel products after existing quotas on such goods fall away on Jan. 1, 2005.

“We are very much aware that this has become an issue of bitter contention,” Osawke said, “and we have a responsibility to listen closely to the concerns of all of our member nations and deal with them as best we can.”

Asked by Shippers’ NewsWire if that meant the WTO might ultimately cave in to the domestics’ demands if a protectionist backlash after the removal of most quotas should be stronger than anticipated, Osawke replied, “absolutely not. Quotas are not coming back. The Agreement on Textiles cannot be reversed or compromised.”

In particular, Turkey’s proposal that self-triggering safeguard mechanisms should be permanently adopted by the WTO is a non-starter, Osawke noted.

The WTO has estimated that, after quotas fall away, it will take two years for “prices to return to normal levels,” he explained. For that reason, a group of WTO members has proposed a two-year moratorium on antidumping duties after Jan. 1, Osawke said.

Asked if the WTO might consider a similar moratorium on safeguard mechanisms aimed at China, Osawke said, “the antidumping proposal is only a suggestion from some of our members, not WTO policy. Some in Geneva think a breathing period” -- which conceivably could be expanded to other protectionist measures, such as safeguards -- “would be useful, but that’s currently only a matter of discussion.”

Osawke spoke at the annual conference of the United States Association of Importers of Textiles & Apparel (USA-ITA), a 16-year-old organization that now has 200 members.

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Customs: EU and U.S. act on container security

The European Union and the U.S. are taking container security measures that "will facilitate legitimate trade through mutually acceptable reciprocal security standards and industry partnership programs."

Adopted within the framework of the EC-U.S. Joint Customs Cooperation Committee, the measures include:

creation of an information exchange network,

agreement on minimum requirements applicable for all European ports willing to participate in the U.S. Container Security Initiative (CSI),

identification of best practices concerning security controls of international trade.

A pilot project is focusing on shipments transiting through both the U.S. and the EU to test the feasibility of exchanging cargo information on transhipments and freight remaining on board to enable customs authorities to identify, monitor and assess the risk associated with transhipments.

Both sides agree that the exchange of information is a vital component of customsÕ security actions and will define and establish standards for sharing information.

The U.S. has invited the EU to post liaison officers at the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) National Targeting Center. This will further improve the exchange of information, the sharing of best practices and the refinement of common risk indicators on the terrorist threat.

To facilitate trade while securing the supply chain, experts from both sides will study the industry partnership programs in place in the European Community and the U.S. The outcome of the study will support further cooperation on development of mutually acceptable reciprocal industry partnership programs.

Recognizing that emerging technologies can promote greater efficiency and can improve security in the international supply chain, both sides have agreed to establish a joint group of experts to explore innovative developments and their application.